Optional ethnicity Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Discretionary ethnicity - Essay Example Then again, the facts demonstrate that the non-whites are not equipped for picking their ethnicities, regardless of whether they received the most well known ethnic images of the White ethnicities. Then again, it is likewise evident that the Whites pick their ethnicities dependent on the measure of negative outcomes. Waters asserts that in the United States, the White Americans have the chance to pick their ethnicities, not at all like the other minority gatherings. White Americans can either decide to be plain ‘White’ or pick an ethnicity, with respect to their family line. Waters likewise centers around representative ethnicity, which she connects with later-ages of most White Americans. In this sort of ethnicity, the people included don't encounter any social expense. This is a direct result of the emblematic distinguishing pieces of proof in the ethnic gathering, which draws in later-ages to relate to. For example, a few whites may relate to the Irish Americans just during the exceptional events, for example, excursions, or family occasions (Waters 3). Waters likewise takes note of that the whites are not affected by ethnicity, contrasted with the minority bunches in the US (4). Moreover, they are at freedom to either pick their ethnicity, from their parentages or not pick any, dissimilar to the minority gatherings, who need to distinguish themselves with their character. Emblematic personality primarily happens among the whites, when they recognize themselves with various ethnicities by embracing the well known ethnic images of those ethnicities. For example, observing St. Patrick’s Day so as to be related with the Irish ethnicity, along these lines, flagging their Irish ethnicity. In any case, a non-white observing St. Patrick’s Day won't be respected Irish, since these are not fit for discretionary ethnicities. Waters presents another component of ethnicity, which is the ‘non-optional’ ethnicity. This is something contrary to discretionary ethnicity, and fundamentally influences the minority. In contrast to discretionary ethnicity, which is picked with a through and through freedom, non-discretionary ethnicity is forced on people. Oppositional ethnicity likewise influences the minority bunches in the public eye. In this sort of ethnicity, individuals from the minority gatherings will look for friendship among themselves, and once in a while separation themselves from the standard populace. For this situation, the minority gathering will need to keep up their personality, which could be impacted by their history, or their uniqueness, with respect to different elements. The rest of the individuals for the most part judge the individuals who forsake this sort of ethnicity in a negative manner. Waters ascribes this ethnicity to the blacks and the Latinos. She accepts that, â€Å"the oppositional segment of a dark character additionally clarifies how individuals of color can address whether other dark are acting dark enough† (Waters 7). For this situation, the blacks or any ethnic minority bunches are relied upon to act as per the estimations of their gathering, which is not the same as those of the standard populace, and any aberrance by one part is sketchy. In the article Notes of a Native Speaker, Erick Liu discusses his encounters that identify with his ethnicity, migration, and race, during his adolescence and high school years. Despite the fact that Liu was Chinese, after movement, he turned into a Chinese-American. In any case, he was called ‘banana’ by different Asians, for imitating the estimations of White Americans. Liu experienced huge difficulties adjusting to life in America, particularly as to culture. Despite the fact that he was a resident of

The Times of the Spanish Inquisition Essay -- essays research papers

Known for the fear it caused the occupants of the Iberian Peninsula, The Spanish Inquisition was one of the most destructive probes ever. Utilized for both political and strict reasons, the timespan between the 1400’s and the 1800’s had a place with the Catholic Roman Empire (Encyclopedia Britannica, 1994). So as to more readily comprehend the Inquisition, the purposes for it, and the sensational overall impact, it is essential to analyze its previous occasions. In fourteenth century Spain, Jewish individuals are regularly connected with riches, being a pandemic to the overall population. At the point when Aragon joined with Castille in the marriage of Ferdinand V and Isabella, Spain was very nearly getting perhaps the wealthiest country of the period. An enormous piece of that thriving was because of the Jewish people group. Archdeacon Martinez of Seville consistently attempted to spur the individuals to wash down themselves of the Jewish residents, at long last prevailing on Ash Wednesday (March 15), 1391. Hordes flagellated and beat the Jewish regular people to repudiate their religion and become Christian. The casualties of that day add up to hundreds, if not thousands, of clueless individuals (C. Roth, The Spanish Inquisition, 1964). Despite the fact that the Jews had gotten Christian to keep away from oppression, they despite everything praised their convictions in mystery. In 1487, their conduct was found during Jewish Passover, which was a similar week as the Holy Week for the Catholic Church. Along these lines, the Spanish Inquisition was established to clean the ...

Coping With Social Anxiety The Best Self-Help Strategies

Coping With Social Anxiety The Best Self-Help Strategies Social Anxiety Disorder Coping Print Living With Social Anxiety Disorder By Arlin Cuncic Arlin Cuncic, MA, is the author of Therapy in Focus: What to Expect from CBT for Social Anxiety Disorder and 7 Weeks to Reduce Anxiety. Learn about our editorial policy Arlin Cuncic Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on April 12, 2018 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on June 24, 2019 Social Anxiety Disorder Overview Symptoms & Diagnosis Causes Treatment Living With In Children In This Article Table of Contents Expand Social Coping Emotional Coping Day-to-Day Strategies Mistakes to Avoid View All Social anxiety disorder (SAD) help can come in many forms. Although treatment is available and effective for SAD, it is estimated that only 25 percent of people with the disorder ever receive treatment.?? While not a substitute for professional treatment, for those that may otherwise receive no help, self-help is a good starting point. The self-help strategies for social anxiety disorder outlined below can be used at home to overcome your symptoms. Social Coping Identifying social skills that could use a bit of work and then focusing on improving them could help cope with the thoughts and emotions that come with social anxiety disorder. Assertiveness Many people with social anxiety disorder lack assertiveness and can benefit from learning to become more assertive through self-help strategies.?? Practice becoming more assertive by communicating your needs in a calm and relaxed way that respects the needs of others. Usually, this takes the form of I statements?? such as I feel hurt when you dont respond to my phone calls. Learning to say no is also an important part of being assertive?? and a skill that most people with social anxiety struggle with. How to Be More Assertive When You Have SAD Nonverbal Communication Improving your nonverbal communication skills is another area in which you can employ self-help strategies if you live with social anxiety. Most people with social anxiety tend to adopt a closed-off stance; you may do this without even realizing it. Learning how to have a relaxed posture (e.g. hands at your sides, good eye contact) encourages others to respond positively to you and makes you appear more approachable. Developing body confidence in this way will help you to become more confident in social interactions. 10 Body Language Mistakes You Might Be Making Verbal Communication In addition to adopting a relaxed body posture, knowing how to start conversations, keep them going, and listen attentively are skills that you can develop through self-help strategies. As an example, one quick tip for joining a group of people in conversation is to listen first and then make a comment about what they are already talking about. For example, Are you talking about the election results? I couldnt believe them either. Expose yourself to as many opportunities as possible to develop your verbal communication abilities. Practice being a good listener, asking open-ended questions, and sharing stories about yourself so that others can get to know you better. How to Have a Conversation More Easily When You Have SAD Telling Others About Your Social Anxiety Its likely your closest family and friends already have an idea of your social anxiety. If you want to tell someone specific, send a message that there is something youd like to share and arrange a time at a quiet place to talk. If you feel too nervous to explain your situation, write down a summary of what youve been feeling. Its best to share your symptoms so that the other person can gain an understanding of what you are going through. Remember that social anxiety disorder is still a little-understood condition and others may need some help to understand. Emotional Coping Fear and negative thoughts are two of the most common emotions when you have social anxiety. A few simple strategies can help you overcome them. Deep Breathing Having social anxiety  means that you probably have strong emotional reactions in social situations. One way to reduce these anxious reactions is for your body to be in a relaxed state. When your body is relaxed, your breathing is slow and natural, and your mind is free of negative thoughts, making it easier to enjoy being with others. You probably breathe too quickly in anxiety-provoking situations, which in turn makes your other anxiety symptoms worse. Below are some steps to manage your anxious and shallow breathing. How to Practice Deep Breathing Count the number of breaths that you take in one minute (count an inhale and exhale as one). Make a note of this number. The average person will take 10 to 12 breaths per minute.Focus on your breathing. Inhale and exhale through your nose. Take deep breaths from your diaphragm instead of shallow breaths from your chest. Inhale for 3 seconds and exhale for 3 seconds (use a watch or clock with a second hand). As you exhale, think “relax” and release tension in your muscles. Continue breathing this way for 5 minutes.Count your breaths per minute again and see if the number has gone down.Practice this breathing technique 4 times per day when you are already relaxed. When in social situations, make sure that you are breathing the way that you practiced. In time, this way of breathing will become automatic.?? Reducing Negative Thinking If you live with social anxiety, you probably misinterpret comments or facial expressions made by other people, which contributes to your emotional reactions.?? In particular, there are two common thought patterns that can contribute to your anxiety. Mindreading: You assume that you know what other people are thinking about you (e.g. Everyone can see how anxious I am.).Personalizing: You assume that the behaviors of others are related to you (e.g. He looks bored, I shouldn’t have invited him to this movie.). The thoughts that you have are so automatic that you probably don’t even realize you are thinking them. Below are some steps to better managing your negative thoughts. How to Reduce Negative Thoughts Think back to a recent social situation in which you felt anxious. Write down what your negative thoughts were before, during, and after the situation.Ask yourself questions to challenge your negative thoughts. For example, if your negative automatic thought was People are yawning, they must think that I am boring, ask yourself Could there be a different explanation? In this case, your alternative thought could be It probably had nothing to do with me, they were just tired.Try to notice the automatic negative thoughts that you have before, during, and after feared social situations, and challenge them with alternatives. How to Stop Thinking Bad Thoughts and Get Over Your Social Anxiety Facing Your Fears Avoiding feared situations may reduce your emotional reactions in the short term, but in the long term, it severely limits your life. In addition, the number of situations that you fear grows as your fear becomes more general. On the other hand, gradual exposure to social situations will help to reduce the anxiety and emotional reactions that you associate with them. Below are some strategies to overcome avoidance. Identify the top 10 situations that you avoid.For each situation on the list, break it  down into a series of steps, increasing in difficulty. For example, if you are afraid of being the center of attention, your steps might look like this:Tell a funny story about yourself to a group of people that you know well.Tell a funny story about yourself to a group of people that you don’t know well.Voice your true opinion to a group of friends.Voice your true opinion to a group of strangers.Make a toast at dinner with people whom you know well.Make a toast at dinner with people whom you dont know well.Practice each step as much as you need to before moving on to the next. If you notice anxiety, challenge your negative thinking and use the slow breathing technique to relax. Note that the specific list you create will depend on your fears. For example, you might feel more afraid of speaking in front of people you know well versus a crowd of strangers. In this case, you would reverse items on the list. Day-to-Day Strategies Below are some tips to help you cope with social anxiety on a day-to-day basis, such as while at work or attending school. Tell your employer so that you can receive accommodations or supports in the workplace.Arrive to meetings early so you can meet people one-by-one as they arrive.Make a list of questions to ask your teacher or supervisor and start with the least anxiety-provoking ones.Keep up on current events so that you will be able to participate in small talk.Avoid using alcohol to overcome inhibitions.Choose a job for which you have passion so that even the most challenging aspects of work in terms of your social anxiety will seem worth it.Make new friends by greeting people, giving compliments, and starting brief conversations.Get regular exercise, eat healthy food, and avoid caffeine and sugar to reduce your anxiety. Mistakes to Avoid There are a number of common mistakes that people make when trying to overcome social anxiety through self-help strategies. Avoiding these mistakes will ensure that you arent making things worse. Never try to control your anxiety. The more you see it as something awful that needs to be eliminated, the more focused you will be on it and the harder it will be to reduce.Dont focus on being perfect. Instead, focus on accepting worst-case scenarios and then work backward from there.Never accept social anxiety as a personality trait. While you might be an introvert or have a tendency to be shy, social anxiety disorder is a mental health issue that does not define who you are. It is possible to overcome your anxiety and live a fulfilling life.While there is some evidence that cannabidiol (CBD), a component of marijuana, may be helpful for social anxiety, there are also risks associated with its use.?? Be sure to carefully balance any risks and benefits when considering using this as a coping strategy. Dont wait too long to seek help from a mental health professional. While it can be tempting to think you can solve this all on your own, often people need therapy or medication to successfully manage social anxiety. A Word From Verywell Over time, as you practice relaxation, challenge negative thoughts, and face feared situations, you will find it easier to stay anxiety-free in stressful situations. This should help to relieve your social anxiety. However, if you still face severe anxiety on a daily basis, it is important to consult your doctor or a mental health professional, as traditional treatment such as medication or cognitive-behavioral therapy may be advisable. How to Recognize Social Anxiety Disorder in Children and Teens Coping With Social Anxiety The Best Self-Help Strategies Social Anxiety Disorder Coping Print Living With Social Anxiety Disorder By Arlin Cuncic Arlin Cuncic, MA, is the author of Therapy in Focus: What to Expect from CBT for Social Anxiety Disorder and 7 Weeks to Reduce Anxiety. Learn about our editorial policy Arlin Cuncic Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on April 12, 2018 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on June 24, 2019 Social Anxiety Disorder Overview Symptoms & Diagnosis Causes Treatment Living With In Children In This Article Table of Contents Expand Social Coping Emotional Coping Day-to-Day Strategies Mistakes to Avoid View All Social anxiety disorder (SAD) help can come in many forms. Although treatment is available and effective for SAD, it is estimated that only 25 percent of people with the disorder ever receive treatment.?? While not a substitute for professional treatment, for those that may otherwise receive no help, self-help is a good starting point. The self-help strategies for social anxiety disorder outlined below can be used at home to overcome your symptoms. Social Coping Identifying social skills that could use a bit of work and then focusing on improving them could help cope with the thoughts and emotions that come with social anxiety disorder. Assertiveness Many people with social anxiety disorder lack assertiveness and can benefit from learning to become more assertive through self-help strategies.?? Practice becoming more assertive by communicating your needs in a calm and relaxed way that respects the needs of others. Usually, this takes the form of I statements?? such as I feel hurt when you dont respond to my phone calls. Learning to say no is also an important part of being assertive?? and a skill that most people with social anxiety struggle with. How to Be More Assertive When You Have SAD Nonverbal Communication Improving your nonverbal communication skills is another area in which you can employ self-help strategies if you live with social anxiety. Most people with social anxiety tend to adopt a closed-off stance; you may do this without even realizing it. Learning how to have a relaxed posture (e.g. hands at your sides, good eye contact) encourages others to respond positively to you and makes you appear more approachable. Developing body confidence in this way will help you to become more confident in social interactions. 10 Body Language Mistakes You Might Be Making Verbal Communication In addition to adopting a relaxed body posture, knowing how to start conversations, keep them going, and listen attentively are skills that you can develop through self-help strategies. As an example, one quick tip for joining a group of people in conversation is to listen first and then make a comment about what they are already talking about. For example, Are you talking about the election results? I couldnt believe them either. Expose yourself to as many opportunities as possible to develop your verbal communication abilities. Practice being a good listener, asking open-ended questions, and sharing stories about yourself so that others can get to know you better. How to Have a Conversation More Easily When You Have SAD Telling Others About Your Social Anxiety Its likely your closest family and friends already have an idea of your social anxiety. If you want to tell someone specific, send a message that there is something youd like to share and arrange a time at a quiet place to talk. If you feel too nervous to explain your situation, write down a summary of what youve been feeling. Its best to share your symptoms so that the other person can gain an understanding of what you are going through. Remember that social anxiety disorder is still a little-understood condition and others may need some help to understand. Emotional Coping Fear and negative thoughts are two of the most common emotions when you have social anxiety. A few simple strategies can help you overcome them. Deep Breathing Having social anxiety  means that you probably have strong emotional reactions in social situations. One way to reduce these anxious reactions is for your body to be in a relaxed state. When your body is relaxed, your breathing is slow and natural, and your mind is free of negative thoughts, making it easier to enjoy being with others. You probably breathe too quickly in anxiety-provoking situations, which in turn makes your other anxiety symptoms worse. Below are some steps to manage your anxious and shallow breathing. How to Practice Deep Breathing Count the number of breaths that you take in one minute (count an inhale and exhale as one). Make a note of this number. The average person will take 10 to 12 breaths per minute.Focus on your breathing. Inhale and exhale through your nose. Take deep breaths from your diaphragm instead of shallow breaths from your chest. Inhale for 3 seconds and exhale for 3 seconds (use a watch or clock with a second hand). As you exhale, think “relax” and release tension in your muscles. Continue breathing this way for 5 minutes.Count your breaths per minute again and see if the number has gone down.Practice this breathing technique 4 times per day when you are already relaxed. When in social situations, make sure that you are breathing the way that you practiced. In time, this way of breathing will become automatic.?? Reducing Negative Thinking If you live with social anxiety, you probably misinterpret comments or facial expressions made by other people, which contributes to your emotional reactions.?? In particular, there are two common thought patterns that can contribute to your anxiety. Mindreading: You assume that you know what other people are thinking about you (e.g. Everyone can see how anxious I am.).Personalizing: You assume that the behaviors of others are related to you (e.g. He looks bored, I shouldn’t have invited him to this movie.). The thoughts that you have are so automatic that you probably don’t even realize you are thinking them. Below are some steps to better managing your negative thoughts. How to Reduce Negative Thoughts Think back to a recent social situation in which you felt anxious. Write down what your negative thoughts were before, during, and after the situation.Ask yourself questions to challenge your negative thoughts. For example, if your negative automatic thought was People are yawning, they must think that I am boring, ask yourself Could there be a different explanation? In this case, your alternative thought could be It probably had nothing to do with me, they were just tired.Try to notice the automatic negative thoughts that you have before, during, and after feared social situations, and challenge them with alternatives. How to Stop Thinking Bad Thoughts and Get Over Your Social Anxiety Facing Your Fears Avoiding feared situations may reduce your emotional reactions in the short term, but in the long term, it severely limits your life. In addition, the number of situations that you fear grows as your fear becomes more general. On the other hand, gradual exposure to social situations will help to reduce the anxiety and emotional reactions that you associate with them. Below are some strategies to overcome avoidance. Identify the top 10 situations that you avoid.For each situation on the list, break it  down into a series of steps, increasing in difficulty. For example, if you are afraid of being the center of attention, your steps might look like this:Tell a funny story about yourself to a group of people that you know well.Tell a funny story about yourself to a group of people that you don’t know well.Voice your true opinion to a group of friends.Voice your true opinion to a group of strangers.Make a toast at dinner with people whom you know well.Make a toast at dinner with people whom you dont know well.Practice each step as much as you need to before moving on to the next. If you notice anxiety, challenge your negative thinking and use the slow breathing technique to relax. Note that the specific list you create will depend on your fears. For example, you might feel more afraid of speaking in front of people you know well versus a crowd of strangers. In this case, you would reverse items on the list. Day-to-Day Strategies Below are some tips to help you cope with social anxiety on a day-to-day basis, such as while at work or attending school. Tell your employer so that you can receive accommodations or supports in the workplace.Arrive to meetings early so you can meet people one-by-one as they arrive.Make a list of questions to ask your teacher or supervisor and start with the least anxiety-provoking ones.Keep up on current events so that you will be able to participate in small talk.Avoid using alcohol to overcome inhibitions.Choose a job for which you have passion so that even the most challenging aspects of work in terms of your social anxiety will seem worth it.Make new friends by greeting people, giving compliments, and starting brief conversations.Get regular exercise, eat healthy food, and avoid caffeine and sugar to reduce your anxiety. Mistakes to Avoid There are a number of common mistakes that people make when trying to overcome social anxiety through self-help strategies. Avoiding these mistakes will ensure that you arent making things worse. Never try to control your anxiety. The more you see it as something awful that needs to be eliminated, the more focused you will be on it and the harder it will be to reduce.Dont focus on being perfect. Instead, focus on accepting worst-case scenarios and then work backward from there.Never accept social anxiety as a personality trait. While you might be an introvert or have a tendency to be shy, social anxiety disorder is a mental health issue that does not define who you are. It is possible to overcome your anxiety and live a fulfilling life.While there is some evidence that cannabidiol (CBD), a component of marijuana, may be helpful for social anxiety, there are also risks associated with its use.?? Be sure to carefully balance any risks and benefits when considering using this as a coping strategy. Dont wait too long to seek help from a mental health professional. While it can be tempting to think you can solve this all on your own, often people need therapy or medication to successfully manage social anxiety. A Word From Verywell Over time, as you practice relaxation, challenge negative thoughts, and face feared situations, you will find it easier to stay anxiety-free in stressful situations. This should help to relieve your social anxiety. However, if you still face severe anxiety on a daily basis, it is important to consult your doctor or a mental health professional, as traditional treatment such as medication or cognitive-behavioral therapy may be advisable. How to Recognize Social Anxiety Disorder in Children and Teens

The American Dream The American Dream - 1014 Words

The American Dream. The American Dream is made up of many different aspects and ideas. Like moving up the social , escaping poverty , freedom ,equality , pursuing our interests and passions , opinions and safety. Most of the dreams are different for an individual depending on their situation. Poverty is a struggle in life. Not having enough to eat , not having heat and shelter. For the kids , life in poverty is much tougher to overcome than those who already have help with wealth. Being a kid and worrying that you have nothing to eat , or having nowhere to live causes lots of negativity mentally like depression. So than the solution comes to your head. Escaping through poverty to not see your future family or self suffer and†¦show more content†¦And the mother replied with â€Å"do we have to have this conversation, ive seen some good movies lately. Can’t we talk about the movie? She was changing the subject to backup from an argument Opportunity is connected to the American dream since people want to have the power to open up as many doors to life. Like starting a business , a family , becoming a doctor , fighting for rights. We have the choice to do anything in life, in â€Å" I Just Wanna Be Average, by Mike Ross , Mike has the opportunity go to college. He later ends up explaining how other students have been able to go to college. This shows how we have the opportunity to do whatever we like after high school. My parents childhood was very harsh and full of darkness in Mexico. They worked all day long to eat and to put money on the tables. Which they rarely had various of options to eat. Later on my father came to america as an illegal immigrant . and knew that his kids were not going to be born in mexico. He worked all day long raised money and than in a few years, became a u.s citizen. Without the power of opportunity he would not have had the chance to raise kids here, escape poverty, raise a family, and not become a citizen. M y dad’s definition of the American Dream revolves around opportunity. He has showed our family how anyone whoShow MoreRelatedImmigrants And The American Dream1362 Words   |  6 PagesImmigrants and the American Dream In the article â€Å"The American Dream†, by James Truslow Adams in The Sundance Reader book, he stated that the American dream is that dream of a land in which life should be better and richer and fuller for everyone, with opportunity for each according to ability or achievement. It is a difficult dream for the European upper classes to interpret adequately, and too many of us ourselves have grown weary and mistrustful of it. 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The Tried and True Method for Assignment Help in Step by Step Detail

The Tried and True Method for Assignment Help in Step by Step Detail Key Pieces of Assignment Help There are a lot of topics in which students face tons of difficulties. Hence, a comprehensive understanding of the topic is expected so as to excel the subject. Such a number of experts lets us deal with unique tasks whether you must compose a paper from scratch or simply select the proper topic for your essay. If your requested expert is unavailable, we make sure to coincide with a different expert from precisely the same category. What You Should Do to Find Out About Assignment Help Before You're Left Behind Doesn't matter how long you get, assignments are almost always due on short deadlines. If you're here, you may be searching for the very best writing service for completing your assignment. Should you need assignment assistance, you can purchase essay paper at a manageable fee. Tell us when you should get your assignment, and we'll be certain to deliver the assignment punctually. 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Management and Golden Rule Free Essays

At work, we should always be aware of the ones that do not appear to be ethical with decisions made for the company. Golden Rule 1 Samuel 19:1-3: How does Jonathan live by the Golden Rule in disclosing this information to David? Saul is on the hunt to kill David, but Jonathan, the son of Saul, is very fond of David. So Jonathan tells David about the plan and tells him to go hide. We will write a custom essay sample on Management and Golden Rule or any similar topic only for you Order Now Jonathan Is living by the Golden Rule by telling Jonathan of the plan, because he feels that he should warn Jonathan as he would Like the same done to him if the tables were turned. In the working place, you should always show your coworkers respect and you would want the same In return. Causes Significant Harm Samuel 16:1-3: Does Samuel have a duty to disclose this Information to Saul? If not, why? No Samuel does not have a duty to disclose this information, because the Lord, the most high, has asked him to do this. The Lord is the highest leader and his rules should be followed. Sometimes you are asked to fulfill a task at work in confidence. When asked by the team leader, rules should be followed. Chapter Eleven 1. Human Dignity Isaiah 58:3: Why doesn’t God hear the prayers of these managers? God doesn’t hear the prayers of these managers because they are fasting, but the fasting ends with arguments and fist fights among each other. They cannot expect to be rewarded for these things. Getting along with each other In the office Is essential to get the Job done. One cannot be rewarded when each other cannot get along. 2. Reciprocity Daniel 2:48-49, 6:1-4: Why is Daniel promoted? What admirable characteristics does he display? Daniel was promoted by the King because he was able to interpret his dream. The dream was interpreted correctly, and the King promoted him. Daniel displays dignity and loyalty to the king and all of its wise men. Being loyal to your am members promotes dignity and trust among the workplace. 3. Servant Leadership Mathew 20:24-28: What are the primary characteristics of Jesus’ view of leadership? His primary characteristic view is servant leadership. Leadership is based on power and self-interest. Authority is not an avenue for self-promotion but should be used to serve others. Being a leader you should still have respect for your team. 4. Gift Recognition Acts 6:1-6: Why are these seven men chosen to become early church leaders? These seven were chosen because they were spiritual and full of wisdom. These leaders How to cite Management and Golden Rule, Essays

Lose Your Lover free essay sample

When I thought of art, I saw it as an expression of someones imagination. In part, I was correct, but for the most part that Is not all art represents. Art represents the way people react and change In perspective as well as In thought. It portrays their intelligence and their understanding of the world around them. It conveys the change of both political and economic ideals of the people and how they express themselves accordingly. In my opinion the most diverse types of art style are Rococo art and Neoclassical art. Rococo art clearly showed the first drastic change of peoples thought during the enlightenment.This style of art Is often referred to as Late Baroque because It came about In retaliation of the previous baroque art style. Rococo art Is the reaction against the grandeur, symmetry and strict regulations of the baroque time period. In contrast it was jocular, florid, and graceful. We will write a custom essay sample on Lose Your Lover or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page It used creamy, pastel-like colors and incorporated themes such as romance, mythology, fantasy, and everyday life. This type of art was made for the senses of their viewer, therefore it was light, ornamental, elaborate, with asymmetrical designs, curves and gold.As you can see from the great contrast between rococo art and early baroque art work, It portrays the great Dallas of the people towards their previous grandiose government because it came in a time when the middle class was tired of being oppressed and that is how they rebelled to such a force. Neoclassical art on the other hand, shows a change in the people but more so a regression in my opinion. It was Inspired by the culture of Ancient Greece and Ancient Rome. It was the revival of classic antiquity and was based on the principles of simplicity and symmetry. It required from the artist a lot of order and restraint, making them have to be technical to achieve perfection. The paintings that arose during this time were lucid, polished, all in harmony, and balance. They used sharp colors and portrayed ideal bodies, and stressed organization. The art here shows how the people were falling back to a more centralized and controlled government, the middle class was no longer poor and starving and they conformed again to a animal but more simple style of baroque times.In both these time periods I saw the clear and dynamic change of the people. Their art reflected the power struggle of their country as well as to whom was uncharged of the majority at the time. Lose Your Lover ay vicinitys En I thought of art, I saw it as an expression of someones imagination. In part, I Nas correct, but for the most part that is not all art represents. Art represents the Nay people react and change in perspective as well as in thought. It portrays theirChange of both political and economic ideals of the people and how they express enlightenment. This style of art is often referred to as Late Baroque because it came about in retaliation of the previous baroque art style. Rococo art is the reaction contrast it was Jocular, florid, and graceful. It used creamy, pastel-like colors and contrast between rococo art and early baroque art work, it portrays the great disdain regression in my opinion. It was inspired by the culture of Ancient Greece and Uncharged of the majority at the time.

The Controversy of Clinical Versus Actuarial Prediction Essay Example

The Controversy of Clinical Versus Actuarial Prediction Essay Example The Controversy of Clinical Versus Actuarial Prediction Paper The Controversy of Clinical Versus Actuarial Prediction Paper In clinical prediction, psychologists use their clinical experience to formulate a prediction based on interview impressions, history ATA and test scores (Melee, Clinical versus Statistical 4). The formula in the title refers to statistical or actuarial prediction. In actuarial prediction, clergies access a chart or table which gives the statistical frequencies of behaviors (Actuarial Prediction). Advocates of the clinical method say that clinical prediction Is dynamic, meaningful and sensitive but actuarial prediction Is mechanical, rigid and artificial (Melee, Clinical versus Statistical 4). On the other hand, advocates of the actuarial method claim that actuarial method Is empirical, precise and objective but alnico prediction Is unscientific, vague and subjective (Melee, Clinical versus Statistical 4). The controversy of clinical versus actuarial judgment is not limited to the field of psychology; it also affects education in terms of predicting school performance, criminal justice system in terms of parole board decisions and business in terms of personnel selection. Although this controversy can be traced back half a century ago, social scientists today are still asking: Which of the two methods works better? Can we view any prediction dichotomously as either clinical or actuarial? And, if actuarial predictions are more accurate, should we abandon clinical predictions all together? On one side of the controversy, some people feel that using mere numbers to determine whether students can enter graduate schools or whether prisoners should be released Is dehumidifying (Melee, Causes and Effects 374). In her book about social psychology, Thompson describes a young woman who complains that It Is horribly unfair that she has been rejected by the Psychology Department at university of California on the bases of mere numbers, without even n interview (88). When my psychology teacher surveyed our class on this issue, about 20 percent of students believe that it is unethical to make predictions based on mere numbers (Brenner). The crux of this ethical concern lies on the belief that each individual is so unique that rigid statistics or equations cannot make the correct prediction in every single case. Indeed, most psychologists agree that rigid statistics are not sensitive to special cases. Paul Mà ªlà ©es well-known broken-leg example Illustrates how the special powers of the clinician can predict behaviors ore accurately in some special cases: If a sociologist were predicting whether Professor X would go to the movies on a certain night, he might have an equation Involving age, academic specialty, and Introversion score. The equation might yield [a very high probability] that Professor X will go to the movie tonight. But if Professor X Ana Just Darken Nils leg Ana en Is In a nil cast Tanat wont NT In a denature seat, no sensible sociologist would stick with the equation. (Clinical versus Statistical 24-25) Essentially, it is very important for clinicians to detect the characteristics of each unique individual and make predictions accordingly because clinicians deal with individual cases; they make predictions for each unique individual, not for a group of people. Thus, it is the individual case that defines the clinician (Melee, Clinical versus Statistical 25). Because of the insensitivity of statistics to special cases and the importance of predicting individual cases, many psychologists argue that statistics simply cannot apply to individuals (Melee, Causes and Effects 374). They believe that clinicians can make predictions about individuals can transcend the predictions bout people in general (Melee, Causes and Effects 374). For example, Patriots emphasized in his research on personality inventory that: In [nonproductive] tests, the results of every individual examination can be interpreted only in terms of direct, descriptive, statistical data and, therefore, can never attain accuracy when applied to individuals. Statistics is a descriptive study of groups, not of individuals. (633) On the other side of controversy, advocates of the actuarial approach have questioned the logic behind the assumption that statistics do not apply to single individuals or events. Stanchion uses a very good analogy to illustrate the fallacy behind this assumption (179). He asks us whether we want our operation done by an experienced surgeon who has a low failure probability or an inexperienced surgeon who has a high failure probability (179). Of course, any rational man will choose the experienced surgeon. However, if we believe that probabilities do not apply to the single case, we should not mind to have our operation done by the inexperienced surgeon. This question brings us to think about the role of chance in making reductions. Stanchion noted: Reluctance to acknowledge the role of chance when trying to explain outcomes in the world can actually decrease our ability to predict real-world events Acknowledging that our predictions will be less than 100 percent accurate can actually help us to increase our overall predictive accuracy. (175) An experiment done by Fainting and Subsidiaries (58-63) demonstrates Stanchions last point that we must accept error in order to reduce error. In this experiment, the participant sits in front of a red light and a blue light and is asked to predict which eight will be flashed on each trial (60). The experimenter has programmed so that the red light will flash 70 percent of the time and the blue light 30 percent of the time (59). Participants quickly pick up the fact that the red light is flashing more, thus they predict the red light roughly 70 percent of the time and the blue light roughly 30 percent of the time (62). The problem is that they do not understand that if they give up on trying to predict correctly on every trial, they can actually be more accurate. We can demonstrate the logic of this situation through a calculation on 100 trials. In 70 of the 100 trials, the red light will come on and the participant will be correct on about 70 percent of those 70 trials. That means, in 49 of the 70 trials (70 times . 70), the participant will correctly predict that red light will flash. In the same way, we can calculation that approximately in 9 trials (30 times . 30), the participant will correctly predict that the blue light will flash. Therefore, the participant can only predict correctly 58 percent of the time (49 percent from the red light and 9 percent from the (B). However, IT ten participant simply gives up on getting every trial relent Ana just predicts the red light on every trial, he can predict correctly 70 percent of the time (because the red light will come on 70 percent of the time), which is 12 percent better than switching back and forth trying to get right on every trial. This is what Stanchion means by accepting error in order to reduce error. Research on this controversial issue has consistently indicated that actuarial prediction is more accurate than clinical prediction. In Paul Mà ªlà ©es classical book Clinical versus Statistical Prediction, he had reviewed 22 studies comparing clinical and actuarial prediction (83-126). Out of these 22 studies, twenty show that actuarial prediction is more accurate than clinical prediction. These twenty studies cover almost all the clinical prediction domain, including psychotherapy outcome, criminal recidivism, college graduation rates, parole behavior and length of psychiatric hospitalizing. A graduate student at JIBE had also done a study comparing clinical and actuarial prediction (Simmons 3). In this study, Simmons compared the predictions made by a regression equation and by two experienced counselors on the school performance of JIBE freshmen (Simmons 3). The results again indicate the actuarial prediction using the regression equation was more accurate (Simmons 64). In addition, a recent meta-analysis using 136 studies has also confirmed that actuarial prediction is better regardless of the Judgment task, type of Judges, or Judges amount of experience (Grove et al. 9). Researchers found that actuarial prediction substantially outperformed clinical prediction in 45 percent of the studies whereas clinical prediction was more accurate in only 10 percent of the studies (19). Regarding the research consistently showing that actuarial prediction is more accurate , Paul Melee said, There is no controversy in social science which shows such a large body of qualitatively diverse studies coming out so uniformly in the same direction as this one (373-374). Mà ªlà ©es actuarial stance is strongly challenged by Robert R. Holt, who is also a renowned clinical psychologist. Holt criticizes that the twenty studies Melee cited in his book only focus on the final step of the prediction-making process, which is making the prediction (339). Holt rejects the dichotomous classification of studies as clinical or statistical because in field settings, clinicians do not simply make a prediction by evaluating the given data (338). In field settings, before the clinician can make the prediction, he has to carefully identify the criterion he can predict and choose predictive variables he wants to use. (Holt 339-340). For example, if a counselor wants to predict the school performance of first year university dents, he first identifies the criterion he is able to predict; the criterion can be Gaps or average marks of the students, but it can also be the students lecture attendances. He also has to choose which predictive variables he should use; he may use the students entrance grades or their scores on an aptitude test or a combination of both. Then, finally, he can make the prediction using either an equation or his own Judgment. This example shows that even if the clinician uses actuarial approach in the final step of the prediction-making process, he still plays an important role in all the preceding steps. I agree with Holt that Melee has oversimplified the distinction between clinical and statistical prediction. I believe that we should view these two methods as falling on a continuum rather than make an all-or-none distinction. Some predictions that can be completely done on computers are more statistical toner protections, Tort wanly psychoanalysts need to collect Ana analyze data, are more clinical. I also agree with Holt that we should still value clinical judgment although it is not as accurate. Without clinical Judgment, scientists will to be able to form hypotheses and theories, and to analyze research results and data. Like Western and Weinberg said in their article reviewing this controversial issue, try as we might to eliminate subjectivity in science, we can never transcend the fact that the mind of scientists, clinicians or informants is the source of much of what we know (609). Nevertheless, when countless research findings point toward one direction, I think we should recognize that actuarial predictions are more accurate than clinical predictions (at least in the final step of the prediction-making recess). Some people think that using mere numbers to make predictions is dehumidifying. They feel that using an equation to forecast a persons action is treating the individual like a white rat or an inanimate object (Melee Causes and Effects 374). However, I argue that in certain cases, it is unethical to use clinical judgment when actuarial approach has shown to be accurate. For example, when a clinical psychologist makes a prediction about whether a student is going to commit suicide within a year, would it be more ethical to use the actuarial prediction that is here times more accurate than the clinical prediction (Brook et al. 03)? The answer to this question should be as obvious as the question about whether we want our operation done by an experienced or an inexperienced surgeon. By admitting that actuarial Judgment is more accurate, clinicians who engage in activities in the role of experts and imply that they have unique clinical knowledge of individual cases may lose prestige and income; however, the field of psychology, and society, will benefit if we underst and that accepting error is reducing error.

Conjugate the Japanese Verb Kuru (to Come)

Conjugate the Japanese Verb Kuru (to Come) The word kuru is a very common Japanese word and one of the first that students learn. Kuru, which means to come or to arrive, is an irregular verb. The following charts will help you understand how to conjugate kuru and use it correctly when writing or speaking. Notes on Kuru Conjugations The chart provides conjugations for ​kuru in various tenses and moods. The table begins with the  dictionary form. The basic form of all Japanese verbs ends with -u. This is the form listed in the dictionary and is the informal, present affirmative form of the verb. This form is used among close friends and family in informal situations. This is followed by the  -masu form. The suffix -masu is added to the dictionary form of verbs to make sentences polite, an important consideration in Japanese society. Aside from changing the tone, it has no meaning. This form is used in situations requiring politeness or a degree of formality and is more appropriate for general use. Note also the conjugation for the  -te form, which is an important  Japanese verb  form to know. It does not indicate tense by itself; however, it combines with various verb forms to create other tenses. Additionally, it has many other unique usages, such as speaking in the present progressive, connecting successive verbs, or asking for permission. Conjugating Kuru The table presents the tense or mood first in the left column, with the form noted just below. The transliteration of the Japanese word is listed in bold in the right column with the word written in  Japanese characters  directly below each transliterated word. Kuru (to come) Informal Present(dictionary form) kuruæ  ¥Ã£â€šâ€¹ Formal Present(-masu form) kimasuæ  ¥Ã£  ¾Ã£ â„¢ Informal Past (-ta form) kitaæ  ¥Ã£ Å¸ Formal Past kimashitaæ  ¥Ã£  ¾Ã£ â€"㠁Ÿ Informal Negative(-nai form) konaiæ  ¥Ã£  ªÃ£ â€ž Formal Negative kimasenæ  ¥Ã£  ¾Ã£ â€ºÃ£â€šâ€œ Informal Past Negative konakattaæ  ¥Ã£  ªÃ£ â€¹Ã£  £Ã£ Å¸ Formal Past Negative kimasen deshitaæ  ¥Ã£  ¾Ã£ â€ºÃ£â€šâ€œÃ£  §Ã£ â€"㠁Ÿ -te form kiteæ  ¥Ã£  ¦ Conditional kurebaæ  ¥Ã£â€šÅ'㠁 ° Volitional koyouæ  ¥Ã£â€šË†Ã£ â€  Passive korareruæ  ¥Ã£â€šâ€°Ã£â€šÅ'ã‚‹ Causative kosaseruæ  ¥Ã£ â€¢Ã£ â€ºÃ£â€šâ€¹ Potential korareruæ  ¥Ã£â€šâ€°Ã£â€šÅ'ã‚‹ Imperative(command) koiæ  ¥Ã£ â€ž Kuru Sentence Examples If youre curious about how to use kuru in sentences, it can be helpful to read examples. A  few sample sentences will allow you to peruse how the verb is used in various  contexts. Kare wa kyou gakkou ni konakatta.Ã¥ ½ ¼Ã£  ¯Ã¤ »Å Ã¦â€" ¥Ã¥ ­ ¦Ã¦   ¡Ã£  «Ã¦  ¥Ã£  ªÃ£ â€¹Ã£  £Ã£ Å¸Ã£â‚¬â€š He didn't come to school today. Watashi no uchi ni kite kudasai.ç § Ã£  ®Ã£ â€ Ã£  ¡Ã£  «Ã¦  ¥Ã£  ¦Ã£  Ã£   Ã£ â€¢Ã£ â€žÃ£â‚¬â€š Please come to my house. Kinyoubi ni korareru?金æ›Å"æâ€" ¥Ã£  «Ã¦  ¥Ã£â€šâ€°Ã£â€šÅ'ã‚‹ï ¼Å¸ Can you come on Friday? Special Uses The website  Self Taught Japanese  notes that there are several special uses for  kuru, particularly to specify the direction of an action, as in: OtÃ… sanha arigatÃ…  tte itte kita. (㠁Šçˆ ¶Ã£ â€¢Ã£â€šâ€œÃ£  ¯Ã£â‚¬Å'㠁‚り㠁Å'㠁 ¨Ã£ â€ Ã£â‚¬ Ã£  £Ã£  ¦Ã¨ ¨â‚¬Ã£  £Ã£  ¦Ã£  Ã£ Å¸Ã£â‚¬â€š) My dad said thanks  to me. This sentence also uses  kita, the informal past (-ta form). You can also use the verb in the -te form to indicate the action has been going on for some time up until now, as in: Nihongo o dokugaku de benkyÃ…  shite kimashita. (æâ€" ¥Ã¦Å" ¬Ã¨ ªÅ¾Ã£â€šâ€™Ã§â€¹ ¬Ã¥ ­ ¦Ã£  §Ã¥â€¹â€°Ã¥ ¼ ·Ã£ â€"㠁 ¦) Up until now, I’ve studied Japanese on my own. Self Taught Japanese adds that in this example, it’s difficult to capture the nuance in English, but you can think of the sentence meaning that the speaker or writer has been gathering experience before arriving at the present moment.

How to use tactics of social influence Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

How to use tactics of social influence - Essay Example These are usually outside factors that provide people with power - for instance, wealth, physical attractiveness, success in career. These factors place the person to a higher position compared to other people around. So even in case the person is not powerful as politician or military man, he may also possess the power that is not so evident but is also strong and intense. The singers and actors may serve as the example of the persons that possess this kind of power. They are not powerful in political sense, but they are attractive, recognized and successful, so they may influence other people. (Wikipedia) The researches observing social influence and social activity rapidly grow at present, as this problem is relevant in modern society. These researches may appear to be helpful in solving various social problems, as well as provide people with the measures that should be taken in case any kind of problem appears. Jan Bruins in his research observes the nature and effects of social influence and social power and their implementation in the relations of people, within the groups of people and among the groups of people. ... Various kinds of situations produce various kinds of effect that the influence may have: "For instance, in interpersonal situations, a faltering influence process can lead to the breakup of close personal relationships and to interpersonal aggression. At the intragroup level, it can lead to effects such as family violence and organizational burnout, and at the intergroup level it can result in discrimination and hostilities like gang wars and the Rodney King beating." (Bruins) The main subject for consideration is the way the social influence and power create the base for problems that individuals may face, both as individuals of as the representatives of a definite social group. The author also focuses on the problems that start on individual level, as they may produce effect that will touch upon higher levels of interpersonal communication. When the problems that appear on the individual level start to increase and spread its influence, this may lead to collective attempts to change the situation: "in combination, individual-level problems as directly addressed in this issue not only are interesting in their own right, but can also contribute to the occurrence of larger scale disruptions like the Los Angeles riots, student uprisings, and other forms of protest and civil unrest." (Bruins) In his investigation, author addresses historical context of the problems, observes earlier researches on this topic and describes conceptions and definitions that are related to the problems of social influence and power. The problems of power and social influences were observed by the social sciences within the centuries. Such famous philosophers and

Carriage of goods by sea under Charter Party Case Study

Carriage of goods by sea under Charter Party - Case Study Example The ship owner is also liable for the ship's under capacity and lower-speed than declared to TD. On the other hand the charterer TD is liable to the shippers for the damage caused by fire to the cargo of Smart Clothing which he can claim from the Ship Owner. This could be possibly circumvented by having the shippers' insurance claim settled and ultimately transfer the liability to the Ship owner. The sub-charterer BV similarly can have the insurance claim of V for damage to cargo while loading and ultimately have the liability transferred to ship owner through TD the main charterer. And the parties who want to initiate claim against the owner, may do so by invoking arbitration as envisaged by the Charter party agreement in clause 21. This case relates to rights and liabilities of parties under the contract of charter party for carriage of goods by sea. The six parties involved are 1)Charterer (Timely Delivery hereafter 'TD', 2)Owner of ship 'The Bulky Whirlwind' (Owners Co) hereafter 'O', 3)Cargo Co, hereafter 'C', 4) Voyage SARL, hereafter 'BV' 5)Vignoble SARl, hereafter 'V', and 6) Smart Clothing Co, hereafter 'SC'. As against the ship's declared carrying capacity of 12,000 TEU and speed capability of 23 knots, 2000 TEU are occupied by articles of ship's own essential use and speed is short of 3-7 knots. Ship's master refuses to take the shorter and direct route and also to pick up cargo located in the shorter route ordered by TD.for safety reasons. The crew member's careless smoking damages a cargo valued $ 300 000 by fire for which there was no safety trained staff for fire fighting. Due to arrest of the ship, 10 days are lost by stay at the port of Southampton. It is noted Box No 35 in form of Charter party is left blank. The relevant box relates to applicable Law and Arbitration. The form provides that if the box is not filled in, sub clause (a) of condition no 21 of Charter parry form shall apply. The relevant condition is reproduced below.1 Charter party is contract between the owner of a ship and a hirer of the ship for using it to transport usually cargo. Even though the hirer is using the ship, the ship-owner exercises control over it for the navigation and management while the carrying capacity is in the discretion of the hirer known as charterer. Four types of chartering in vogue are voyage charter, time charter, bareboat charter and lump-sum contract. 2 "A time charter is another common form of agreement, with the owner of the ship operating his ship as instructed by the charterer between certain agreed dates for an agreed daily or monthly rate. During this period, it will be the charterer who will pay for the running costs of the ship such as the fuel and insurance. An analogy would be a contract to hire a car".3 A cursory glance at the conditions set out in the Charter party form reveals Master failure to carry out Chatterer's instruction to take Suez route amounts to violation of condition no 7 ( c )4 of the Charter Party. And damage due to Owner's servant's smoking inside attracts condition no 18(iii) (3)5 The Charterer is also entitled to 10 days off-hire for the arrest of the vessel due to C's claim for O's default in a previous charter attracting Hague-Visby rules and far having lost time (to be estimated) due to longer route as per condition

Osteoporosis and Osteoarthritis Case Studies

Osteoporosis and Osteoarthritis Case Studies The main aim of this essay is to understand different aspects of medical conditions ranging from pathophysiology, symptoms, risk factors, and the management of two case studies. The first case study deals with osteoporosis and osteoarthritis. The second case deals with peptic ulcers and gastric esophageal reflux disease. To address both patients’ medical condition, knowing the condition’s pathophysiology is quintessential. Osteoarthritis is a disease of the joints, which affects the slippery tissue called cartilage which covers the joints (Kapoor, Martel-Pelletier, Lajeunesse, Pelletier Fahmi, 2010). The cartilage in healthy individuals ensures smooth sliding of bones over each other and better shock absorbance. In osteoarthritic patients, wearing of the top layer of cartilage leads to rubbing of bones against one another (Swift, 2012). This causes inflammation of the joint evident from swelling, pain and limited joint activity as time progresses (Kapoor et al, 2010). Excessive rubbing leads to gradual decrease in bone mass with loss in shape, bone spurs growing at edges of joints and a more painful condition manifested by floating of broken bones at joints in joint spaces (Swift, 2012). Osteoporosis on the other hand is marked by an imbalance between bone resorption and bone formation causing loss of skeletal mass (Huether McCance, 2012). In the normal physiological condition, bone resorption and formation are always in balance, thus maintaining the bone strength and mass. Any disorder in these two processes such as increased resorption or decreased formation can lead to osteoporosis (Huether McCance, 2012). In the above case Claire reported a fall and trauma which is a common symptom in an osteoporosis case. The common modifiable risk factors associated with osteoporosis are vitamin D and calcium deficiency (Wickham, 2011). Similarly cola, alcohol intake and smoking are three modifiable factors which can increase the chances or severity of the disease. Excessive alcohol or cola drinks intake leads to secondary osteoporosis by affecting bone formation, absorption of calcium and vitamin D, and disorder in calcium regulating hormone (Metcalfe, 2008). Estrogen deficiency can lead to post menopause condition where bone resorption is faster than bone formation (Marini Brandi, 2010). Lack of physical activity can make Claire prone to osteoporosis (Metcalfe, 2008). Along with the above mentioned modifiable factors there are certain non-modifiable factors on which the control is less. Aging is the first factor which can lead to such disease (Barreiro, Acosta, Marquez, Rodriguez, Arriaga, 2013). In ageing, the supply of osteoblasts decreases against the demand of the body. Similarly genetic predisposition and epigenetic are non-modifiable factors, the mother’s health status during pregnancy, child birth weight and weight at 1 year are predictive of bone mass till 70 years in female (Marini Brandi, 2010). The bone diseases like rheumatoid arthritis can also leads to osteoporosis (Huether McCance, 2012). Experiencing pain may be the first factor Claire experiences with her osteoarthritis (Swift, 2012). The drying of synovial fluid leads to stiffness of joints which may have been felt by Claire in her hip and knee joints (Swift, 2012). The constant presence of stiffness may lead to muscle weakness in that area. The weakening of muscles, drying of fluid, and inflammation combined effect may restrict her movements such as bending, flexing and extending of joints (Goldring Otero, 2011). Osteoporosis often goes unnoticed until a fracture occurs (Brown, 2009). Claire was diagnosed with osteoporosis thus she may have experienced certain clinical manifestations which are common in osteoporosis. Since Claire has sustained fractures in her left colle’s and right tibia/fibula she may experience acute pain during movement of her hands and legs (Brown, 2009). The fractures she received due to osteoporosis may limit her movement and affect the weight bearing capacity of her legs (Brown, 2009). With constant loss of bone at area of fractures, Claire may find it hard to stand erect and may stand in a stoop posture. Loss of height may occur due to increased bone loss (Brown, 2009). Post-operative nursing management of Claire involves a number of interventions to address the issues faced by Claire. In osteoarthritis and osteoporosis, the most common symptom experienced by patient is pain (Swift, 2012). Thus, the nurse’s interventions must be to reduce the pain, by doing a pain assessment through a recommended scale. The pain must be measured for areas affected, severity and Claire’s reporting of pain. The PRN medications must be administered to Claire as per prescription and timing must be noted for each medication and dose (Colon, 2012). The nurse should take care of any of Claire’s wounds through proper wound management interventions, in order to prevent inflammation and infection (Brown, 2009). Possibilities, of the fracture would mean Claire may stay in bed for a prolonged period, thus chances of having pressure ulcer increases. The same would apply for deep vein thrombosis which nurses can prevent by applying TED stockings (Brown, 2009) . Nurses must change her position every 2 hours and a pillow can be provided at pressure areas to Claire. Nutrients, fluid and diet management should be prepared with consultation with a dietician or a nutritionist (Brown, 2009). Physiotherapist interventions are required to assist her with walking and simultaneously the neurovascular assessment must be assessed by nurses to prevent neurovascular degeneration (colon, 2012). The immediate nursing interventions for Claire would be a primary assessment for immediate danger. The nurse should take a physical assessment on Claire, including assessing her airway patency and circulation. A pain assessment is essential as it provides the only way to ensure that management methods are appropriate and effective (Elliott Coventry, 2012). The nurse should carry out a pain assessment on Claire using the â€Å"PQRST† model. This type of pain assessment gives a detailed account of pain helping nurses to administer pain reduction medications keeping in mind the allergic reactions and six rights (Elliott Coventry, 2012). The nurse should document when analgesia was administered to Claire so other care team members will have a clear understanding of Claire’s pain (Brown, 2009). Claire must be assessed often for her presence of pain and she must be treated promptly and effectively (Elliott Coventry, 2012). A number of factors play an important role in eliciting complications (early and later) post fracture surgery. Complications which may be associated with Claire’s fracture surgery are; during surgery the skin and soft tissues are cut down to reach to the bones, thus chances of bacterial infections exist which can lead to fatal situations if not prevented properly (Brown, 2009). Another serious complication of fracture is compartment syndrome where it causes decreased capillary perfusion below the level necessary for tissue viability (Brown, 2009). Presence of other co morbidities can prolong the recovery stage. Venous thrombosis can also lead to a complication after fracture (Brown, 2009). Precipitating factor is venous stasis which can be caused by incorrectly applied casts to Claire (Brown, 2009). Another contributing factor for the fracture complication on Claire if not treated properly would be fat embolism syndrome where presence of systemic fat globules is distributed in to tissues and organs after a traumatic skeletal injury (Brown, 2009). Case study 2 Pathophysiology of gastro esophageal reflux disease is when the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) is attached to the stomach in the form of a plumbing circuit (Huether McCance, 2012). Any structural changes occurring in between the stomach and esophageal barrier associated with abnormal relaxation of LES can lead to gastro esophageal reflux disease (Huether McCance, 2012). Peptic ulcers occur with excess secretion of hydrochloric acid and pepsin, this impairs the balance between gastric luminal factors and the action of the gastric mucosal barrier, (Huether McCance, 2012). The main functions of gastric mucosal barrier are; secretion of bicarbonate, defense of epithelial cells and mucosal blood flow. With increased secretion of acid, the mucosal barriers are affected and thus histamine is released. This activates the parietal cells to release more acids causing ulcers (Huether McCance, 2012). A clinical manifestation of peptic ulcers and gastro esophageal disease is heart burn, caused by acid reflux thus causing an inflamed esophagus (Huether McCance, 2012). Regurgitation occurs due to the loss of the mechanical barrier between the stomach and esophagus and is aggravated by gastric acid reflux. Justin may experience upper abdominal pain within an hour of eating meals (Huether McCance, 2012). Due to excessive diarrhea, skin may get irritated, red and swollen. The stool with blood in it may be black and have an offensive smell due to oxidation of hemoglobin (Huether McCance, 2012). The dysphagia experienced by Justin could be due intake of alcohol or acid containing food which leads to esophageal spasms (Huether McCance, 2012). Due to excessive fluid loss, nurses may have noted that Justin presented as dehydrated. One common cause of Justin’s peptic ulcer could be his lifestyle of takeaway meals such as fried food, eating spicy and junk foods which has been hypothesized as a causal factor for ulceration (Huether McCance, 2012). Another major cause could be infection of the gastric and duodenal mucosa with Helicobacter pylori and regular use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), especially those that are classified as COX-1 inhibitors (Huether McCance, 2012). In Justin’s case, he has been buying over the counter medications for his chronic back pain which may increase the risk factor of gastric ulceration. The other associated factor would be alcohol consumption (Huether McCance, 2012). The medications commonly used to treat peptic ulcers are acid suppressor’s antacids such as ranitidine and famotidine; they form a foam barrier between the stomach and esophagus thus preventing acid reflux (Brown, 2009). Similarly the H2 antagonists help in reducing the acid secretion in the stomach leading to healing of ulcers (Brown, 2009). Proton pump inhibitors such as omeprazole are effective in decreasing acid secretion from the stomach. PPIs are used in combination with antibiotics to treat ulcers caused by H. pylori (Brown, 2009). Bowel preparation is the artificial method of removal of faeces from the colon in order to prepare Justin for any type of surgical procedure such as colonoscopy. The colons may have indigested food and fecal matters attached to them (Beck, 2010). The chances of infection increases if any surgical procedures are carried out nearby the colon area. Based upon Justin’s bowel movement patterns and stool characteristics he must be advised to go for a colon cleansing solution drink or laxative drink (Beck, 2010). This procedure can be done the day before scopes or some days before depending upon Justin’s condition. Enemas can also be administered based upon surgeons and specialists prescription. During the bowel preparation, nurses must keep in mind that Justin’s privacy must be maintained and hospital’s policies and procedures are followed. Documentation must be written in clear hand writing for other team members to read about Justin’s treatment (Blair Smith, 2012). Peptic ulcers are characterized by tarry and bloody stools due to ulcerations in gastrointestinal tract. Excessive blood loss can be fatal for Justin leading to unconsciousness and other complications, thus it is advised for nurses to check the amount of blood and blood type (clots) (Brown, 2009). This can help to determine the severity of the disease and further diagnosis. The nurse should help Justin to return to his bed as heavy loss of blood leads to fluid deficiency and lowering of blood pressure. Justin’s vital signs must be assessed and fluids must be provided to manage the deficiency (Brown, 2009). While checking Justin’s abdomen for firmness, tenderness and pain, curtains must be pulled to maintained Justin’s privacy. The findings must be documented and reported to the ward in charge doctor for further processing (Blair Smith, 2012). Post colonoscopy the nurse should manage Justin’s pain through an assessment of pain, using a severity scale on a specified area and administering PRN medications (Brown, 2009). In order to recover from injury caused by his condition and address other complications associated with the disease, Justin’s nutritional status and fluid balance should be maintained (Brown, 2009). Due to heavy blood loss and pain, the patient may feel frustrated and anxiety symptoms may develop. The nurse should calm Justin, establish effective communication and allow him to express his feelings (Brown, 2009). In conclusion, the conditions such as osteoarthritis and osteoporosis can be disastrous to Claire as it can affect the quality of her life to a high degree. The case remains the same for peptic ulcer and gastro oesophageal disease and can affect the eating habits of Justin. Thus, it is important to address both patient’s pain level and other complications in order for them to be comfortable. The disease process can be controlled through nursing interventions along with other medical interventions such as surgery and pharmacological management. It is essential for nurses to know pathophysiology of conditions of both cases described above in order to best manage both patients’ issues.

Cell and Molecular Biology

Cell and Molecular Biology Final Name: Hadeel Binomar30 pts. Protein misfolding can be an aspect of several different human disorders, including cystic fibrosis, Alzheimer's disease, and atherosclerosis. Many times, the misfolded protein is a membrane protein. In fact, a type of diabetes insipidus results from a mutation in the G-protein-coupled vasopressin 2 receptor that prevents the protein from making it to the cell membrane A) Describe how this type of receptor would normally get targeted to the membrane (from the beginning of translation) and B) then propose one mechanism by which the mutation could cause a lack of proper targeting. One of the most important protein's target is G protein-coupled receptors, several signaling mechanisms depend on this type of receptor to change both internal and external stimuli to the intracellular responses. Basically, one of the G couple receptor subfamilies is G-coupled Vasopressin-2- Receptor (V2R), and this receptor is going through a strict quality control process at the endoplasmic reticulum, which presents the only correctly folded protein to gets through the secretory pathway. The primary function of the V2 receptor is to activate the attached G protein that bound to the ? subunit then phosphorylated to GTP. The G protein couple receptor then activates the enzyme adenylate cyclase that catalyzes the reaction in the ER and forms cAMP from ATP. After that, cAMP acts as a second messenger and activates a protein kinase that phosphorylates the integral membrane proteins on the cell surface. Moreover, the secretory pathway organelles' and the plasma membrane both are first introduced into the Endoplasmic reticulum, and the co-translationally proteins that can cross the ER are synthesized by the ribosome first then binds by chaperones to gets moves to the ER surface using GTP that allows them to move toward the receptor then release it. The soluble proteins and the integral membrane proteins as I mentioned above, can be targeted through the ER and then translocated by the same mechanism.Further, several mutations occurring in the transmembrane region which affect the structure of the protein. These are multiple mutation sites, such as mutations occurring in the amino acid residues which was acting as a causative agent for human disease. Also, there are other mutations occurring on the single site position that will affect the translation mechanism and cause many human diseases like: cystic fibrosis, Alzheimer's disease, and atherosclerosis that proves the function of V2R protein which plays important role in the translation during the protein folding process. One of the mechanism that may a reason for lacking the proper target protein is when the mutations of the CFTR gene occurring and affect the function of the chloride ion channels and cause defect in the protein sequences which lead to the production of diseases and misfolded of the proteins that are unable to recognize their functional destinations. Otherwise, Lack of the stop signals is another issue that prevents the protein from getting into the surface of the ER, also called the non-stop decay cellular pathway, because lack of this stop signals prevents mRNA from synthesis and translate the proteins, these consider as a point mutation that inhibits the essential stop codons. 30 pts. Describe the experiment shown in figure 3 from the paper we discussed in class (Miller et al, 2003). (A) In your description, consider the following questions: Why did they do it? How did they do it? What did they learn? (B) Diagram the results that you would expect to see in Lanes T, 1, 2, 3, and 4, if the amino acid signal DID in the protein Gap1p was mutated to random amino acids and tell why; and (C) Give two possible (different) results that might occur if the amino acid signal LxxLE in Bet1p was mutated to the amino acids DID (which are the signal in Gap1p). Diagram the results expected in Lanes T, 1, 2, 3, and 4 and explain why you predicted this result for each case.left20840701.A001.A4467225201739500The experiment was performed to study the role of cargo binding domain of Sec24p in the process of protein sorting. To perform this study, both mutant and wild types subunit Sec23/24p and Sec23/24L616W were harvested from microsomal membranes. The immunoblotting assay performed to quantify cargo molecules using radio-labeled secondary antibodies. Comparison of the mutant subunit with wild type illustrated omission of some molecules in mutant one, these molecules were cargo protein molecules. While some of them are packed in a way that similar to the wild-type. It meant that there were some signals that remained unaffected although mutation was there. Unexpectedly, it was found that in these unaffected molecules of mutation in Sec23/24p, packaging was better than the wild type. Further, they found the proteins that were highly affected had Bet1p and Gap1p/Sys1p chimera, because they completely depending on the Sys1p di-acidic of COPII vesicles. If the amino acid signal DID in the protein Gap1p was mutated to random amino acids, the resulting bands would be seen as in figure 1. A because the amino acids might be present in all the lanes. And Gap1p is required for di-acidic motifs to fuse together with the COPII vesicles at the mutated domain. Also, Sys1 peptide is not involved in Sec 23/24p hence its mutation is not contained in a di-acidic motif. If the signal LxxLE was mutated to the DID, the expected Bet1p packaging would be shown in figure 2. A as not be seen in lanes containing Bet1p because the amino acid signal LxxLE does not exit after mutating to amino acids DID. The second probability for the Bet1p would be expected to bind with the vesicle for packaging when it interacts with di-acidic motifs which is needed as shown in figure 2.B290512515621000581025113030004781550412752.B002.B6286501346202.A002.A20 pts. Explain the experiment shown in Figure 5C from the Shen et al. (2018) paper on the phosphorylation of CDC25 that we discussed in class. In addition, be sure to also address the following: A) why did they do this experiment (the central issue); B) what did they learn; and C) what is another control experiment they could have done? D) Would these results change if you added a constitutively active form of LKB1 to the reaction? If so, how and why? A) Overall, the main purpose of this paper is to explain how the division of cells is highly regulated such that cells that fail to pass some specific stage-based tests cannot advance to the proceeding stages. In this particular experiment, HeLa cells were subjected to chemicals that are known to activate the enzyme AMPK. Also, the main catabolic processes that are involved to generate energy for cells to transition from G1/G2 were determined by the application of radiochemical approaches, the experiment required to approve how highly conserved cellular energy sensor can significantly delay mitosis entry and activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). Further, Wee 1 family inactivates the cell cycle G2/M Phase which is controlled by Cdc3/cyclic B (mitotic cyclin-dependent kinase complex). They found that AMPK-dependents phosphorylation of CDC25C arranges a metabolic control point for the M-phase transition and the cell cycle phase G2. B) Also, they learned that suppression of Wee 1 or acute induction partially reinstates mitosis ingress in the circumstance of activated protein kinase (AMPK). This experiment showed that when Phosphorylates Cdc25 is in a distributive and disordered state, it results into ultra-sensitivity in protein phosphorylation. C) For another control experiment, they might try exposing the U2OS (cell line) clones conditionally exhibiting Cdc25A etoposide. That will help to test whether Cdc25A degradation is significant for the G2 control point or not.D) If they add an active form of LKB1 to the reaction, the results will not change, because in cells LKBI activity inhibits AMPK activation in response to different stimulations. Also, LKBI is lost upon consistent isolation and therefore no effects of phosphates observed.20 pts. Briefly describe the role of cyclin-CDK in the cell cycle and give an example of positive and negative control in this system. Also, describe how cell cycle regulation links to the stimulation of apoptosis at the molecular level. In the beginning, the cell cycle depends on many basic factors that control the regulation process starting from the signal transcription molecules, growth factors and the Cyclin Dependent Kinases enzymes include the checkpoints which control the transition process between the cell cycle phases by binding to the cyclin proteins CDKs then phosphorylate other proteins to transfer from one phase to another. The role of transcription factors is to turn on the signals for gene expression, DNA replication, and cell divisions. As an example of CDKs, cyclin-dependent kinase 1 CDK1 is a cell division cycle protein homolog 2, that has a primary role in human cancer cells because CDK1 rather than any types of CDKs is fatal to the mutated version of MYC- dependent cancer that leads to a depletion of oncogenes like (Fos and Jun) in human cancer cells. Fos and Jun are combined forms of the transcription factor called AP1 that activates the delayed response genes such as cyclin D and CDK4. Recent studies reveal that the reason for the MYC breast cancer cells duplation is targeting CDF1 exhibit any other CDKs cell lines. Also, CDK1 inhibition can control and target the cancer cells in human and both phosphorylation and expression of MYC during the cell cycle process. To initiate intracellular signaling pathways and stimulate the cell cycle entry, mitogens substance bind to the cell surface receptor with the activation form of GTPase Ras that activates MAP kinase cascade. That will lead to the expression of encoding gene of the transcription regulatory protein like MYC. Moreover, E2F transcription factor is a target for cyclin D and CDKs that stimulate proteins expression to initiate S phase, also E2F regulated by the tumor suppressor gene Rb (Retinoblastoma protein). At early G1 Phase, Rb protein combined with E2f to form the histone deacetylases protein that remains chromatic condensed, then cyclin kinase phosphorylates Rb protein, causing it to disassociate from E2F. That allows recruitment of histone acetylates, which decondense the chromatin and helps transcription complexes to form in G1 and S phase and to form a positive feedback. For the negative control, if there are no growth factors present to stimulate the synthesis of Cyclin D in the new cell, Rb phosphorylated will turn off, and Rb will rebind to E2F, then the cell cycle will stop and that will lead to many negative results like prevent it to bind with DNA, or DNA damage and cells will return to the G0 phase. Apoptosis is a consequence of DNA damage; if the damage is not repaired, the cell cycle will divert towards apoptosis, otherwise, if the cell has DNA defects and fail to undergo apoptosis, that will change to the cancer cell. G1 phase regulators such as P53 and E2F are essential to promote the cell regulations and eliminate any damage or abnormal changes during the cell cycle. P53 has a primary function to prevent any mutation in DNA during cell progression, so any defect in P53 will lead to cancer, and it's usually mutated in cancer cells. Further, Rb protein considers as a tumor suppressor and also promotes apoptosis. Additionally, most human cancers have inactive Rb protein, either mutated Rb or the non-phosphorylated (inactivated form) of Rb protein

Life and Art of Charles Demuth, Precisionist Painter

Charles Demuth (November 8, 1883 – October 23, 1935) was an American Modernist painter best known for his use of watercolor to portray the industrial and natural landscapes of his Pennsylvania hometown. His paintings emerged out of the abstract Cubist style and ultimately led to a new movement called Precisionism. Fast Facts: Charles Demuth Occupation: Artist (painter)Known For: Abstract Cubist style and involvement in the Precisionist movementBorn:  November  8, 1883 in Lancaster, PennsylvaniaDied:  October  23, 1935  in Lancaster, PennsylvaniaEducation: Franklin Marshall College and Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts Selected Paintings: My Egypt (1927);  I Saw the Figure 5 in Gold (1928);  Roofs and Steeple (1921) Early Years and Training Demuth was born and raised in Lancaster, Pennsylvania, whose urban landscape and emerging industrial setting served as an inspiration for several of his paintings. Demuth was ill and often bedridden as a child. During those times, his mother kept him entertained by providing him with watercolor supplies, thus giving the young Demuth his start in the arts. He eventually portrayed the agricultural portraits he knew best: flowers, fruit and vegetables. Demuth graduated from Franklin Marshall Academy, which later become Franklin Marshall College, in Lancaster. He also studied at Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts in Philadelphia and in the arts scenes of New York, Provincetown, and Bermuda. He socialized with and was photographed by Alfred Stieglitz, who was working at the time to organize exhibits of modernist art for his American Place Gallery in New York. Demuth spent time studying art in Paris, where he was part of the avant garde scene. His contemporaries included  Georgia OKeeffe, Marcel DuChamp, Marsden Hartley and Alfred Steiglitz. Painting in His Own Backyard Though he traveled to and was influence by exotic locales, Demuth painted most of his art in the second-story studio of his Lancaster home, which overlooked a garden. In the painting My Egypt (1927), Demuth depicted a grain elevator, a massive structure used to store the harvest, next to row house rooftops. Both structures are common in the rich agriculture economy and historic urban setting of Lancaster County. Like many of his contemporaries in the arts, Demuth was fascinated with Americas landscape, which was being altered at the hands of industrialism. He saw firsthand the smokestacks and water towers in cities such as Philadelphia, New York and Paris. He painted those skylines and contrasted them with grain elevators that were common in his hometown. The Precisionist Style The movement to which Demuth belonged, Precisionism, stressed visual order and clarity in the visual arts and combined those facets with a celebration of technology and expression of speed through dynamic compositions, according to the Metropolitan Museum of Art. Demuth and his fellow Precisionists painted distinctly American landscapes in an intentional move to distance themselves from European artists. Demuths most famous work is a 1928 oil painting called I Saw the Figure 5 in Gold, which has been described as a masterpiece of the Precisionism movement. The painting was inspired by the poem The Great Figure by William Carlos Williams. Williams, who had met Demuth at Philadelphias Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts, wrote the famous poem after watching a fire engine speed by on a Manhattan street. Demuth tried to capture the following lines in his painting: Among the rainand lightsI saw the figure 5in goldon a redfiretruckmovingtenseunheededto gong clangssiren howlsand wheels rumblingthrough the dark city I Saw the Figure 5 in Gold, as well as other Demuth paintings, served as an influence on commercial artists who later designed movie posters and book covers. Later Life and Legacy Demuth was diagnosed with diabetes at a relatively young age, and the condition made him weak before he turned 40. He spent his final years confined to his mothers home in Lancaster, away from his fellow artists working in Paris, and died at age 51. Demuth made a significant impact on the art world with the development of the Precisionist movement. His emphasis on geometrical forms  and industrial  subject matter came to exemplify the ideals of Precisionism. Sources Further Reading Johnson, Ken. â€Å"Chimneys and Towers: Charles Demuths Late Paintings of Lancaster - Art - Review.† The New York Times, The New York Times, 27 Feb. 2008, www.nytimes.com/2008/02/27/arts/design/27demu.html.Murphy, Jessica. â€Å"Precisionism.† In Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History. New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art, 2000–. http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/prec/hd_prec.htmSmith, Roberta. â€Å"Precisionism And a Few Of Its Friends.† The New York Times, The New York Times, 11 Dec. 1994, www.nytimes.com/1994/12/11/arts/art-view-precisionism-and-a-few-of-its-friends.html?ftay.